Atomic gases are cooled to a few nanokelvins by a combination of laser, evaporative and sympathetic cooling techniques. At these temperatures new phenomena occur as a consequence of the quantum statistical properties of the samples. We produce Bose-Einstein Condensates and and perform experiments involving single atomic species as well as mixtures.
A new "laboratory" for physics at ultralow temperatures is now available for investigations covering a wide field from coherent matter waves interferometry to superfluidity, Josephson-effect and control of fermi-fermi interactions mediated by bosons.